


p 458 

Defence of America 
.2 

.T76 __^_„_„ 

Copy 1 " 



GEO. FRANCIS TRAIN, 



UNIONIST, 



T. COLLET GKATTAN, 



SLANDERER. 



l*rice 15 Cents. 



BOSTON: 

No. 1."..") W A S 11 1 N <: TO N STUKKT. 

18 6 2. 



^' 



cy\ 






o 



GEO. FRANCIS JRAIN, 



UNIONIST, 



T. COLLEY GEATTA^^ 



SECESSIONIST. 









BOSTON: 

PXJBLISPIED BY LEE <Sc SHEF^RD 



Xo. 13 J Washington Stkekt. 



1862, 



E4 5H 



" ^^ 



J. E. Farwcll & Co., Printers, 32 Cougress Street, Boston. 



/ 






ENGLAND 

AND THE 

DISEUPTED STATES OF AMERICA, 

BY THOMAS COLLEY GEATTAN ; 

OR, 

THE LAST SPEECH AND DYING CONFESSION 

OF JHE 

REBEL COMMISSIONERS, YANCEY, MANN, AND ROST, 

BY THEIR OFFICIAL EDITOR. 



Pitiful is it to witness the beautiful cross of St. George floating so 
harmoniously beside the pirate flag of Carolina ! 

Pitiful to witness this noble laud of order and of freedom advocating 
anarchy and slavery ! 

Pitiful to witness the Washington Astronomer abuse the nation that 
gave him fame, without a rebuke from the British Admiral who received 
the mendacious letter ! 

Pitiful to witness a great press torturing a great people into break- 
ing the peace of nations ! Pitiful to see that great disciple of Chris- 
tianity. Lord Shaftcsbuiy, refuse attendance at Exeter Hall when an 
anxious prayer for peace with America goes up to the most High ! Pit- 
iful to see proud England gloating impatiently upon the blood of her 
children and maligning the champion of the people's love, Kichard Cob- 
den, for daring to mention arbitration ! All these things are sad, but, 
sadder still, and more Pitiful is it to the loyal Americans to see a son 



of the Pilgrims preaching disunion in the Hall of St. James's ; with the 
poet of the people in the chair ! supported by an acknowledged traitor 
to his country on the one side, and a late British Consul for Boston on 
the other.- America remembers her friends in the hour of adversity — 
she will not forget her enemies. Ketribution is close upon the crime. 
Mene ! Mene ! Tekel ! Upharsin .' Eead Grattan's pamphlet, and 
correct me if my translation of its title is not in accordance with its 
tenor ! I took it up, and laid it down, and failed to find substance for 
review ; weak as I knew to be the Confederates, I never imagined they 
would admit as much in their official proclamations. 

Fuller preaches a feeble Secession funeral sermon ! Mackay reads a 
feeble Secession psalm ! Hunt offers up a feeble Secession prayer, and 
Grattan writes a feeble Secession obituary notice ! 

Imagine Yancey's disgust at the dead failure of the dead lecture, and 
the dead pamphlet. It was no consolation for Mann to say. Yes, such 

ADVOCACY IS RUIN. 0, SAVE US FROM OUR FRIENDS ! 

Who is Thomas Colley Grattan ? He tells you that he is the author 
of "Civilized America!" That slanderous publication I nailed on its 
issue, and these pages tell you how I did it, by reproducing the review 
from the Liverpool Post. A writer so unjust to a people in the sunshine 
cannot be expected to befriend them in the shade. 

Having abused the slave-owner, he now defends him, — the black 
becomes white. Eead his chapter at the slave auction in Eichmond, 
written only a year ago, and compare therewith his Secession pamphlet ! 
Consistency is a jewel. Jewels are rare ! 

Before dissecting "Civilized America," and proving how completely 
Grattan has transposed the colors on its map, let me refute one impor- 
tant Secession falsehood. If all the rebel assertions are as far out as to 
their population estimate, from thirty to fifty per cent, may be safely 
deducted from all their statements. 



* Need I say they composed nearly the entire audience in that great hall, capable of 
accommodating three thousand people ? 



Their orators, their statesmen, their writers, all vary some two to four 
millions as to numbers. Yancey stated ten millions, at the Fishmongers ; 
Mann says eight, in his letter to Fitzroy ; Spencer, Lempriere, Grattan, 
and the Times, never mention less. Yet deducting the new State of 
Kanawha, and Accomac and Northampton counties in Virginia, the 
entire white population of the eleven seceding States is but five millions 

and a quarter. 

The population, free and slave, of the Confederate States, according 

to the census of ISfiO, is as follows : — 



state. 
Alabama . 
Arkansas 
Florida 
Georgia 
Louisiana . 
Mississippi . 
North Carolina 
South Carolina 
Tennessee 
Texas . 
Virginia . 



Tree. 

529,164 

324,323 

78,686 

595,097 

^876,918 

354,699 

661,586 

301,271 

834,063 

, 420,651 

1,105,196 

5,581,654 



Slave. 
435,132 
111,104 

61,753 
462,230 
332,520 
436.696 
331,081 
402,541 
275,784 
, 180,388 
490,887 

3,520,116 



State. 
Delaware 
Kentucky 
Missouri . 
Maryland 



The Border Slave States. 

Free. 
110,420 . 
. 930,233 
1,058,352 . 
. 599,846 



2,698,851 



Slave. 

1,798 
22o,490 
114,965 

17,188 

439.441 



To prevent future misstatement, let me show the number comprising 
the party of Traitoks and the party of Patkiots. 



6 



The total population of the United States, according to the census 
of 1860, was 31,429,894, (of which 4,000,000 are slaves,) divided as 
follows : — 

Thirteen free States, and eight territories, including Dis- 
trict of Columbia 19,089,842 

Four border slave States, still in the Union . . 2,698,841 



Eleven slave States , , . . . 5,681,654 

Deduct slave-owners, (which gives on an average t€n 

negroes each,) ...... 400,000 



Leaves ........ 5,281,654 white 

men, women, and children, not slave-owners, and comprising a large 
number of Unionists who will want, one of these days, to settle their 
little account with the leaders who have brought this calamity upon 
their household, and placed the stigma of treason on their otherwise 
fair fame. 



YOUNG AMERICA AFTER OLD IRELAND. 



" There are many things in this book which are (lood, and many things which are 
neio ; but the things which are good are not new — xaA the things which are neic are 
not tjood/' 

Imagine the excited feelings of the young author, when he saw how 
Sydney Smith introduced him to the public in the pithy review above 
quoted. Had the witty divine lived to see Grattan's work, notwith- 
standing his Pennsylvania speculations, I am sure that he would have 
said something more pointed, more caustic, more bitter against the dis- 
tinguished writer who should labor twenty years in hashing up all the 
stock slanders, in order to convince the English people that the Ameri- 
cans are vulgar, ungentlemanly, dishonest, and unworthy of being ex- 
alted to an Englishman's confidence. 

Americans deserve better treatment from the late British Consul at 
Boston. He accepts their hospitalities, and abuses their courtesy ; he 
laughs at the guests, sneers at the host, and finds fault where others 
praise. Every American I meet asks me, " Have you read Grattan's 
book?" and then he storms away, calling it "antiquated conceit," 
" lukewarm libels," " ancient jokes ; " adding, that it is the most severe 
of anything ever written on America ! " Civilized America ! " they say 
the very title indicates a sneer. I respond by telling them they must 
admit the truth — select the good, reject the bad. But some of my 
friends see nothing to commend : that is not fliir — I see many points of 
merit. They laugh at the "sell" of the sea-serpent, at Nahant, and 
think it must have been a shoal of porpoises or an exiled whale ; but I 
consider it a more decent story than many of the other stories which he 
has told ! The words used to me by those who have read the book, are 
— "base calumnies," "animus — injustice," "outrageous," "worse 
than Dickens," "worse than Trollope ; " that even Englishmen refuse 
to believe that Americans are so low. Every American who has read it 
is furious ; and, as several have asked me to review it, I have looked 
over its pages, and must say I am surprised to find anything so illiberal 
emanating from so distinguished a source. 

Thomas Collcy Grattan wrote books before I was born, and wields a 
ready and clever pen. His Byeioays and Highways, his History of the 
Netherlands, and a score of books which filled the libraries twenty years 



8 

ago, have made his name known far and wide. He is a friend of mine. 
I know him well, and like him much ; but he has gone so far out of his 
path to abuse America and the Americans, more especially the Ameri- 
can ladies, he must pardon me if I forget our old acquaintance, as I be- 
come indignant at his uncalled-for comments. My country first ; friends 
afterwards. 

A British consul in an American port has open doors to welcome him. 
Mr. Grattan's fame had gone before ; and he assures us that his recep- 
tion was warm and hearty, but soon after discovers that it meant noth- 
ing, — a mere formality, without heart or generosity ! in short, a cold- 
blooded "come home and dine with us," — the almighty dollar ruling 
the wife, the husband, and the child. 

Mr. Grattan's experiences must have been most unfortunate. AYhere 
can he have been? who could he have met? What is his object in dip- 
ping his pen in such gall and wormwood ink ? Is it for fame ? No ; 
he has enough of that already. Is it for malice ? it cannot be possible. 
What then? — for money? Ah, that's the secret. He wanted, like 
Boz, something that would sell, — it was the almighty dollar, even with 
him! So, forgetting old friendships — forgetting the kindness with 
which he was received, ignoring all our hospitalities, he shuts himself 
up in the club, and hurls his vengeance over the water to an entire peo- 
ple, simply because he made one or two injudicious investments — and 
the result has been disastrous! That's the secret. He lost money in 
some " unsecured bonds" and in the Middlesex Mills ; and he means to 
get it back in the sale of his book, and have his revenge at the same 
time ! Nearly a score of years have been added to his life since he 
represented England as Her Majesty's Consul at Boston. He remained 
there some seven years, when his son succeeded him. Last year his son 
received a Continental appointment, and the father fires off his gun — 
not loading it with the Christian weapons of ball and powder, but with 
crackers, and slugs, and nails — something that tears open old wounds, ■ 
and irritates the flesh. Time and space prevent me from making co- 
pious extracts; but a few references will show how unjustly he has 
treated us. 

Page 95 : He says that the Irish element in Boston has improved the 
American. This is news to me ! I was born in an elegant house, in 
the fashionable part of the city, No. 21 High Street; and having the 
curiosity, when in Boston last year, to see the place, I found some 
twenty-five families, of Mr. Grattan's countrymen, packed from cellar 



to attic. That house represents whole streets of Irishmen ; the city is 
full of them. I found them on every side — as Tennyson would say — 
" Irish to the right of me ; Irish to the left of me ; Irish in front of me 
— bullied and blundered." But I saw no evidences that the Irish had 
benefited the native element — mixing the breed, another generation 
may improve it — certainly not now. Do not for a moment accuse me 
of saying anything against the large and worthy class of our commu- 
nity — native American though I be. I see room for everybody on our 
shores. Who built our railways ? Irishmen. Who made our canals, 
our factories, our public works ? Irishmen. AVho are noted for indus- 
try, economy, and good behavior ? None more than the hardy son of 
Ireland. Yet I cannot endorse all Mr. Grattan says about improving 
the American stock. 

Page 109: — "The vast majority of the town inhabitants of the 
United States live in boarding-houses or hotels." This is simply ab- 
surd, and mathematically impossible ! The million of people in New 
York would require some 2,000 hotels of 500 individual capacity each! 
I have my doubts about there being so many. Poets are allowed to 
multiply, exaggerate, and change nature into art ; but Mr. Grattan is 
too philosophical for that. He is not a poet. Imagine a young girl 
with alabaster forehead ! (you could crack a walnut on it) — pearly 
teeth ! coral lips ! Imagine yourself sipping the dew oflF of a reef of 
coral — suppose your ardor goes so far as to bite the lips you meant to 
kiss, and suppose your teeth were works of art ! Speaking of her face, 
a poet would say a battle came 'twixt rose and lily, to see which should 
lie first upon her cheek ; at length, contented both, they sat together 
down and slept. (More often after a ball resembling a battle-field, by 
the smell of powder, than a flower-garden, certainly.) The poetical 
picture generally stops at the neck ; but this is where he shines. Her 
swan-like neck — I need not go on — but merely ask you to contem- 
plate the neck of a fair young girl, as long as your arm, bent like a 
boomerang, and moving up and down in a manner best understood by 
bending your finger and wriggling it ! Now that is the prose of poetry ! 
This little simile strips off the tinsel of language, showing the margin 
between poetry and fact; and Mr. Grattan has exercised his genius 
(for he really is clever) in giving his poetical idea of American charac- 
ters and American manners ! Like the poet, he has gone beyond the 
truth, in order to give us a specimen of strong writing. By trying to 
prove too much against the Americans his own countrymen refuse to 



10 

credit him at all. Like the poet, "he draws upon his imagination for 
his facts and his memory for his wit." 

Had he been reading- the Autocrat at the Breakfast-Table, when de- 
scribing our boarding-house Ho(l)mes? Page 112 is severe on widows 
who never threw off their weeds, and dare to get an honest living by- 
keeping a few boarders. Is it not praiseworthy — do they not deserve 
commendation rather than censure ? His observations of the workings 
of that peculiar institution were exceptions, not the rule. Of cour.se 
they gossip : women will gossip, — so will men ; — Americans gossip — 
Englishmen gossip. No well-regulated boarding-house or private fam- 
ily could prosper a day did not each member know every transaction 
that occurs. Everybody gossips everywhere, and no one has gossipped 
more than my distinguished friend, the author of Civilized America ! 
He speaks against boarding-houses as though he had lived in nothing 
else in America, or that there was nothing of the kind in England. Can 
you go into a street in any city in England, and not find apartments to 
let, — lodgers taken in (and done for) , — furnished and unfurnished ? 
The only exception to it has been Liverpool, for I tried in vain some 
six weeks before succeeding in the attempt. (At Glasgow they let Jiats 
— in England they let to jlats.) To do Mr. Grattan justice, he occa- 
sionally says a good thing — viz: 124-, speaking of America in com- 
parison with his own people he says — "There is less civility, more 
self-respect, and a juster appreciation of the relative value of men and 
things." 

For proof of this, notice the picture in the shop windows of the Irish 
Emigrant reading the advertisement of the packet-ship at Cork, west- 
ward bound, dressed in rags and tatters ; and a few years later look at 
the well-dressed citizen in New York noticing the bill for the packet 
bound to England. Some change has come over the spirit of his pocket 
as well as his dream. 

Page 150 — Mr. Grattan states that manifest destiny is "unscrupu- 
lous spoliation." Prove it. What have we done in that way ? Did we 
seize Mexico when our victorious army was in the halls of the Monte- 
zumas? I have often talked with my father-in-law. Colonel Davis, 
who was appointed Secretary of State of the City of Mexico when taken 
by General Scott, and he gives a contradiction to the assertion that 
manifest destiny is unscrupulous spoliation. What prevented us from 
annexing the entire country ? England, at the same time, was adding 
millions of square miles — millions of people to her empire. Lord Dal- 



11 

housie, under similar circximstances to our Mexican campaign, seized 
Burmah, Nangpore, and the Punjaub ; but the unscrupulous spoliation 
of Oude was too much ; and histoiy will paint ICugland's glory in con- 
quering the Indian race at an expense thus far of only £21,000,000 
sterling, and the lives of on^^' 40,000 English troops. The 200,000 na- 
tives killed (not including those blown from the cannon's mouth) are not 
worth mentioning ! A Sepoy is not so valuable as a Negro at the present 
price of cotton. 

Manifest destiny means England in America, with improved morals 
when adding territory to her borders, not "unscrupulous spoliation," as 
Mr. Grrattan asserts. England has not a square mile of land on the 
face of the globe that she has not taken by the hand of violence. The 
stand-and-deliver argument — your estates or your lives. Even she 
wrested America from the Red Indian of the West and the Frenchman. 
But the United States have made no addition to their country except by 
fair purchase. Had England been on America's shores she would have 
owned Cuba, Mexico, and all South America long ago ; but Englishmen 
Americanized have manifest destiny morals. 

Page 189, writes Mr. Grattan, " To meet anything quite coming up 
to English notions of a finished gentleman is scarcely to be expected." 
Indeed ! Are Americans to judge of finished gentlemen by those who 
accept their hospitalities, and on their return to England write books 
about them ? not fairly, not argumentatively, but all onesided — finding 
" flaws and spots and stains," exaggerating vices, depreciating virtues? 
Bulwer, the other day, hoped that Australia would seek to preserve 
intact the cherished institution of an English gentleman. I wish some 
of those finished gentlemen would visit America ; I wish Bulwer would 
go there. I wish Englishmen thought enough of us to come and see 
us. I wish the Lords and Commons would go over. Statesmen would 
be improved — members of Parliament would discover that Boston is 
not a slave State — that the Mammoth Cave was not caused by drawing 
off the water to make Niagara Falls — that Kentucky is not the capital 
of Mississippi — that Arrowsmiths are liable to mistake — that rail- 
ways and revolvers in Georgia are still played off on unsuspecting book- 
makers ! Will Arrowsmith admit the joke, now that he has satisfied 
himself by selling the Times ? Was there ever a better hoax ? The 
students knew the traveller was taking notes. Smoking is not allowed 
in the American cars ; so they went into the luggage van. The con- 
ductor was in the plot — champagne was ordered — an empty bottle 



12 

was a dead man — a jell, a scuffle, and out went the dead man. Again 
the tragedj^ was repeated — again the dispute — the contest — the 
challenge — the report — the scream, and out went another fellow- 
being — the foul victim of the duelist. Arrowsmith records six deaths ! 
I will do the tourist justice to say that the child which was killed, so 
vividly described, was a pint bottle! " Monte Christo" was the brand 
of the wine — or, as Arrowsmith relates it, the name of the pistol ! I 
am told he may still be seen on 'Change, with that sad, that melan- 
choly picture on his features, of his death-ride on a Georgian railway ! 

"When speaking of children of disreputable parents not suffering in 
public estimation (page 200), he says: — "I am rather inclined to at- 
tribute it to an indifference to disrepute, parallel to the evident want of 
appreciation of virtue." Sweeping assertion that ! Have the Ameri- 
cans so degenerated since the landing of the Pilgrims ? Have our 
eighty- three years of republican existence brought us to this ? Let the 
common sense of England answer the libel, while I pass on to his re- 
marks on our statesmen. 

Disgusted because Webster did not mention, only casually, his visit 
to England, when he knew the British Consul was not present at the 
banquet, he says, in page 240, speaking of the sarcastic reply which 
he made to Mr. Webster, " But I was happy to find that of all the 
Americans present, no one seemed to perceive any lurking satire in 
some of the passages, which the few Englishmen present might have 
suspected." Of course, good breeding would have suggested silence, 
even had they noticed that what was said in apparent frankness was in- 
tended as a scoff. Deception, so contrary to what Mr. Grattan leads us 
to suppose is the true character of an English gentleman — all present 
must have taken the Consul at his word. He likes Clay ; he likes 
Calhoun; but he despises Webster. Clay was his beau-ideal; but 
Webster, he says, was overrated. So are most great men. Human 
nature paints. He has only said of the distinguished statesmen what 
will apply equally to many of the leading minds of the world. My 
experience tells me that the nearer you approach great men, the smaller 
they appear. Distance lends enchantment. I was taught that not to 
curse, or lie, or steal, or drink, or smoke, or chew, was the right way to 
become a great man. Imagine my astonishment, when mixing with the 
world, to find so many great men doing the very things that I was 
taught not to do ! To be sure, Mr. AVebster's friendship was expensive. 
I remember some autographs of his in a certain cash-box which may be 



13 

valuable as autographs, but not as representatives of money lent ! I 
knew Mr. Webster well, and received many kindnesses at his hands. 
Hero-worship is natural eve ry where. The speech — Webster v. Hayne — 
made the man. On that effort a principle found vent. The whole 
North spoke ; every State north of Mason and Dixon's line endorsed 
the oration, and Daniel Webster ever after was carried on the shoulders 
of the people. Many a time I have heard him speak, but must say 
that he did not come up to my idea of an orator. His sledge-hammer 
blows in defence of the Constitution were heavy, dull, prosy ; I lis- 
tened, I reflected, I looked, and went away always disappointed. I 
went away with the conviction that, if Webster was an eloquent speaker, 
I had not the genius to appreciate it ; but when Mr. Grattan says that 
no man was more overrated, he only remarks what will equally apply to 
Webster's great contemporary, Lord Palmerston ! 

Mr. Grattan never made a greater mistake than where he says (page 
259), "An American youth or ' young lady ' will go to service willingly 
if they can be better paid for it than for teaching in a village school or 
working on a farm or in a factory." Now, it is exactly the reverse. 
American servants, American factoiy girls, and American laborers are 
as scarce as policemen when you want them. A strong Irish brogue 
meets you at every bell. The American invents, and others execute ; 
he does the thinking, as contractor — as stevedore — as mechanic, and 
foreign labor carries out the design. The one represents the mind — 
the other the body. The American is the mental — the emigrant the 
physical laborer. The man who plans is as far above the one who exe- 
cutes as mind is above matter. "Wonderful is the variegated surface of 
the world — the magnificent workmanship of nature ; but how much 
more wonderful is the God who created it ! 

He is equally misinformed (page 265) by saying that " Teaching the 
young idea how to spell or write does not enter into the list of mater- 
nal duties." On the contrary, New England mothers are most remark- 
able for that very virtue. He also rebukes the habit of the wife's lock- 
ing up everything. It was seldom done in America until the habits of 
foreign servants suggested it. An occasional family at the North may 
practice it — but with white servants ; it is never done at the South 
among the slaves ! Pray, is it not an English custom ? I am raisin- 
formed if it is not widely practised on this side of the ocean. 

Pao-e 2S6 he says, that •' National honor in America is inseparable 
from public interest, as private honor is from personal interest." On 



14 

the succeeding page he writes that "Any State may at any time con- 
stitutionally withdraw from the Union, and then virtually dissolve it ! " 
Any Englishman acquainted with . American institutions will assure 
Mr. Grattan that both these assertions are simply gross misrepresenta- 
tions. Did Carolina succeed when trying it? Let any State make the 
attempt, and unity of action soon would show executive power. 

How can Mr. Grattan, contrary to the known facts of the case, write, 
at page 229, that " No innate love of country or of countrymen ce- 
ments the national compact ? " Do not Americans, in all lands, cele- 
brate their national birthday? Is there on the earth's surface a people 
more devoted to their native land ? Are we not often rebuked in Eng- 
land for our national pride, our love of boasting, our spread-eagle aspi- 
rations, most of tvhich is simply defence against foreign abuse ! The 
anniversary of Washington's birthday is being celebrated in London, in 
Liverpool, in Paris, and is remembered wherever two Americans meet 
together, even while I write. Mr. Grattan has often noticed our na- 
tional demonstrations. He himself was a guest at the celebration of 
the American anniversary in London last year, and made one of the 
most eloquent speeches of the evening on that very point ! 

So intensely national are Americans, that you never see them natu- 
ralized in foreign lands. I believe there is but one in England ; but he 
has been so long in this country, and held a position so high in the 
moneyed world, he must have almost forgotten his native land. No, 1 
will not say that ; for his recent donation to my native city shows that, 
even though naturalized, he is in feeling still an American. Once an 
Englishman — always an Englishman. But let an American forswear 
his country for another, and he ceases to be a citizen of the United 
States. 

At page 304, he says, " Americans servilely adopt English phrases." 
Do they, though ? Did he ever hear an American lady say that it was 
"a beastly day," or that such a man was a "brute," or that it was 
" nasty " weather ? What phrases does he allude to? Americans read 
the Bible, Milton, and Shakspeare. If adopting phrases therein is 
servilely using English phrases, Mr. Grattan is correct. I never heard 
an American say that he was " starved " with cold, or that she was 
" knocked up" by being out late at the ball ! Nor shall I soon forget 
the laughter occasioned by hearing an English nobleman describe to a 
party of American ladies, in a Mediterranean steamer, the terrible 
" stink " in his state-room ! 



15 

I have in vain tried to think of English phrases adopted by my 
countrymen. He admits that we do not say " poorly," and rebukes us 
for using the word sick instead of ill. The Bible authority for the 
use of the word is older than Mr. Grattan's or England's. I never saw 
it written " Christ healing the ill." No, Mr. Grattan, while I am dis- 
gusted that the Americans have latterly habituated themselves to the 
using of so many slang terms, you. perhaps, will express surprise to 
hear me assert that the Americans, as a nation, speak the English lan- 
guage in a purer manner than the British. Eeflect, and then admit. 
Cannot an Englishman travel from Maine to California through our 
Forty-two State Territories, without a dragoman, everybody under- 
standing English ■? No one questions it. But, on the other hand, it 
is not so in England. A Yorkshireman would get lost in London, and 
a Cockney would need an interpreter in Lancashire ! As for Wales, I 
fared better in Nijni Novgorod, on the Volga, for I could speak some 
Kussian. Step out of Wales into Scotland, and try the Gaelic. Then 
go over to Ireland, and take the Celtic, which, without practising the 
fifty dialects in the kingdom, should convince any sensible Englishman 
that the Americans speak better English than the English themselves ! 
Why, the English are under obligation to an American, even for their 
grammar. Are they not aware that Lindley Murray was "a Pennsyl- 
vanian ? " Noah Webster, an American, has superseded Johnson and 
Walker. (/ may mention that he teas not the distinguished statesman, 
nor was he the murderer of Dr. Parhnan. He is simply the original 
Noah!) Mind you, I say as a nation. " Sam Slick" was Haliburton's 
caricature, like Cruikshauk's in Punch, or the English stage American. 

Mr, Grattan says that Englishmen would rather live in England 
(p. 343). Of course they would ; so would Frenchmen in France, Chi- 
nese in China, Russians in Eussia, Patagonians in Patagonia. What 
can be more natural than preferring to live in one's native land ? 

Everybody is supposed to love their mother better than their other 
relations, or their schoolmistress ; and the man who does not like his 
mother-laud better than any other, forgets the first of nature's laws. 
Here is the mistake that Mr. Grattan, with so many others, makes. 
" Comparisons are always ot^oroMS," as Mrs. Malaprop says ; and Eng- 
land cannot be compared with America. Similar language, similar 
religion, similar laws, are stock compliments used over dinner tables ; 
our estates and your estates are entirely difi"erent. England is a mon- 



16 

archy — America a republic. England's Queen bears no relation to 
America's President. England's Commons are not America's " Eepre- 
sentatives," nor are America's " Senators" England's " Lords." 

England lias three estates — America has but one. The Queen, the 
Lords, the Commons, in England, are in America — the elected of the 
people. In England the privileges of the people are a boon from the 
"ruling class." In America the people's rights are inherent. Eng- 
land's institutions are no more adapted to our mode than is our govern- 
ment to the English people. 

England is but a freckle on the world's map — America a continent! 
England concentrates her talent on four hundred journals — America 
dilutes hers over four thousand ; and yet Englishmen contiuuall}^ com- 
pare our backwoods editorials with the twenty guinea essays of the 
Times. 

Palmerston's abolition sentiments are not so much out of love for the 
negro as hatred of the Americans ! Mr. Grattan forgets that some four 
millions of foreigners have arrived in our land since he was consul ! 
That we have with u.s the English Chartist — the Tipperary boy — the 
Scotch Kadical — the Polish exile — the Italian fugitive — the Hunga- 
rian refugee — and the couj) d'etat Frenchman (say nothing of ab- 
sconding criminals) ! He forgets that these foreigners have their 
clubs — their social societies — their political unions — their fire com- 
panies — their regiments — and their newspapers, in almost every State, 
city, and town in the country ! Englishmen must remember that, when 
they observe sentiments often strongly anti-English, they may emanate 
from their own exiled Erosts, their Joneses, and their Mitchells. 

Volume II. opens with a chapter on Irish in America, where they get 
severely drubbed for approving of negro slavery. He accounts for it 
upon the ground that human nature always rejoices in finding some- 
thing a step lower than itself. He quotes in the Appendix Daniel O'Con- 
nell's proclamation to the Irish Eepeal Association of Cincinnati in 
1843 — one of the weakest of the many wishy-washy papers that ema- 
nate from the abolitionists. It is fortunate that O'Connell's reputation 
did not rest on such a slender basis ; yet Mr. Grattan speaks of it as a 
powerful paper, comprising almost everything that can be said for the 
anti-slavery party. 

The chapter devoted to the Women of America " adds insult to in- 
jury." Our ladies are reproved for saying "elastics" instead of "gar- 
ters" — "corsets" instead of "stays" — for fickleness in love matters- 



17 

for coquetiy. Mr. Grattan is shocked to see young ladies walk out 
with young gentlemen before they are engaged, and ride home from the 
opera alone in carriages before they are married. Philosophical as is 
your nature, Mr. Grattan, the incidents which you record should have 
occasioned a different conclusion. American mothers have confidence 
in their daughters ; they are taught in childhood the relations of the 
sexes, and knowledge of wrong is the best guard against it. 

"While he quotes Miss Martineau, to prove that American women are 
not virtuous, he is forced to admit that he does not fully endorse her 
opinion. Mr. Grattan lived seven years in Boston ; can he recite an 
instance where girls were led astray by their flirtations, or the freedom 
of walking or riding with gentlemen in the absence of parents '? Amer- 
ican ladies do not fear to trust themselves with American gentlemen. 
(English authors have nobly testified that a lady can travel through our 
land alone, and eveiywhere receive the best seat, the best state-room, the 
most attention, because without a protector, from all classes of our peo- 
ple. A woman, or an old man, if insulted at all, it is not by an Amer- 
ican.) This confidence is seldom abused. American mothers never 
allow their daughters to enter the bonds of wedlock in ignorance of their 
responsibilities. Confidence commands respect. AVhy are the sons of 
clergymen the wildest in the village ? Simply because it is the rebound 
of the bent bow. 

Why are there so many thousand Cyprians in the great city of Lon- 
don (one in every thirty of the female population) '? Why are the Argyle- 
rooms, the High Holborn, and Piccadilly, crowded with so many Mag- 
dalens ? Why has the social evil occasioned such deep anxiety to the 
morality of England ? It is because the education of young girls in 
England is so entirely difi^erent from that which Mr. Grattan deprecates 
in America. 

How many marriages take place every year, creating domestic misery, 
arising solely from the mothers of the brides having kept them in total 
ignorance as to their married relations ? 

" America has no respect for religion as a fundamental portion of na- 
tional virtue," (page 97). Does he mean that there is no national church? 
If not, what then ? Is not Mr. Grattan aware that the first lot surveyed 
in our Western civilization is for the school-house, the college, and the 
church ? 

America, when she sees the advantage of connecting Church and State, 



18 

will do so. Three things mark her originality, a Church without a Bish- 
op, a Land without a Lord, a State without a King. 

He says that "we have no deep-formed sentiment in the people's 
heart," but soon after compliments (?) us (page 99) : " Several Ameri- 
cans are to be met with who, having been in Europe, are comparatively 
well informed." 0, my countrymen, how art thou fallen! 

" America," writes Mr. Grattan, page 178, •' cannot and will not love 
us. She disbelieves our praise and despises our advice." He then fur- 
ni.-^hes the real reason why, and his whole abuse is a fair illustration and 
proof. If Mr. Grattan fairly represents an Englishman's judgment of 
America and Americans, he has closed the argument against his coun- 
trymen by the following : - — 

"America knows well that for seventy years England has viewed her com- 
mercial j)rogress with mixed feelings of astonishment and jealousy, her politi- 
cal institutions with dislike, he)' social organizatioii with disdain. A shrug, a 
frown, or a sneer, were the outward and visible signs of what England thought 
'and felt. Did she conceal her thoughts and feelings ? No. On the contrary, 
no opportunity was lost in giving them utterance,, and that in no measured 
phrase. The style of all travellers, [Ex. : Grattan,] tourist, or essayist, wheth- 
er in books, reviews, or newspapers of any influence, [^Times,'] was in unison. 
Blame and ridicule formed the staple of all those ; and the few who accorded 
faint praise, or lauded with overstrained encomium, utterly failed to produce 
any countervailing effect. This ivas 2ylain truth, evident, and iindeniaUe. It 
was all perfectly natural. Why not avow, or why attempt to excuse it? These 
were the true sentiments of England in reference to America.'''' 

The italics are mine ; but the entire paragTaj^h stamps upon Mr. Grat- 
tan the true animus, and furnishes the key to the whole book. 

He speaks of the English as the "mightiest people on earth," while 
condemning the Americans for "self-laudation;" never dreaming that 
more than half the " boasting " he charges upon them is defensive of 
themselves and country for the severe, ungenerous, and often false accu- 
sations of the English, and of the English specially, for no other Euro- 
peans write and speak of the Americans as harshly as the class Mr. 
Grattan represents. 

" Kcmove the talebearer, and contrition conieth." 

We next find him at Eichmond, Va., (p. 2.S6,) where he has worked 
himself up to a state of horror at seeing an auction sale of negroes. 
How sentimental he becomes, while he fancies the effect made upon the 



19 

slaves " by the presence of a Britisher ! " That this same Britisher did 
not, at the same time, meditate upon the awful curse fastened upon the 
negro race by Englishmen themselves, — and that, too, after American 
laws forbade the importation of slaves upon her soil, — is not surprising, 
when we observe how unfairly he treats every other topic. Mr. Grattan, 
like other broad-brimmed negropolists, dilates extensively upon the sin 
of slavery, as seen three thousand miles from England, but suggests no 
remedy for the evil. He cannot. 

••He that would eat the kernel, must crack the nut." 

When he can change the nature of the slave he will the condition, — 
not before. 

But I have answered Mr. Grattan on this subject in another paper, 
entitled " Young America on Slavery," which, as he is so familiar with 
the question, I will thank him to respond to, 

Mr. Grattan little thinks that not only Americans, but his own coun. 
trymen, will penetrate the thin veil in which he wraps his ideas. St. 
Paul (pardon me for referring to such an author in this connection) thus 
writes to the Eomans, after reciting their outrageous vices, — among 
other faults, charging them with being "boasters," "disobedient to 
parents," without understanding, covenant breakers "without natural 
affection," &c., — he says, chap. 2, v. 1 : "Therefore thou art inex- 
cusable, man, whosoever thou art that judgcst ; for wherein thou 
judge st another thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest tlie 
same things" • 

Let Mr. Grattan ponder upon these words. Let him consider how far 
his own countrymen may or may not be obnoxious to the faults he charges 
upon their " cousins " of America. Let him judge if ''Libelled America " 
were not a better name for these two volumes than " Civilized America ; " 
for, certainly, the Americans, as Mr. Grattan describes them, show too 
little civiUzation to give the title to a book. If Mr. Grattan reviews this 
book, as he most likely will do, and does not admit the injustice he has 
done a Christian people, then he is incapable of appreciating those vir- 
tues, the absence of which, in America, he discloses ; and the recom- 
mendation of which he will find in St. Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians, 
thirteenth chapter. 

" While the lamp holds out to burn, 
The vilest sinner may return." 



20 

Mr. Grattan (page 314) says : "No woman, I verily believe, ever ven- 
tured for pleasure on an ice-covered pond in America." Any English- 
man may see how rashly our author makes statements, by taking a drive 
to "Jamaica Pond," or "Fresh Pond," near where Mr. Grattan lived so 
many years, where hundreds of girls are seen with skates, with the mer- 
cury below zero. Yet he immediately tells them " that it is inelegant 
for them to coast or slide like boys." 

He says (page 317) that "newspapers abstain on a point of delicacy 
from even announcing the birth of a child ; " hence he was led to infer 
that the " wealthy orders were not prolific." He appears much annoyed 
that mothers, when coming events cast their shadoivs before, do not receive 
visitors, or parade the streets in that interesting condition. No better 
instance can be given to show how far Mr. Grattan is behind the age, 
than by remembering that the fair Empress of France ingeniously dis- 
covered a remedy, (for what twenty years ago Mr. Grattan called false 
modesty in America,) by introducing crinoline, for the especial benefit 
of the Imperial Prince. 

It is true that it is not an American custom'to announce births ; but 
I really think it a very good one. No more convenient way can be found 
for telegraphing such momentous events to one's friends. 

If it will please the author of " Civilized America," I will have the 
matter attended to. I am not at all surprised that this important sub- 
ject received so much attention from the distinguished writer. 

Had he read Talleyrand, De Toci]ueville, and Lafayette, more, and 
such works as Marie Fontenay, D'Alembert, and M. Beauvalet, less, he 
would have found something more substantial for his philosophical pen 
than in criticizing American ladies, whose only fault appears to be a 
shrinking from the pu])lic gaze at a certain period in their marriage 
relations. Would that crinoline had been introduced before Mr. Grattan 
entered an American nursery. 

Jules Janin, in the Dehats, or Oscar C'ommettant in the Siecle, seem 
to have been ^models for Mr. Grattan. Fontenay wrote about the Amer- 
ican women : " They are entirely ignorant of the siceet relationships of 
family and of the hapjnness of the fireside." D'Alembert writes that the 
" married lady becomes sedate and grave as a matron ; she hardly ever 
leaves her dwelling ; her whole time is bestowed upon the education of 
her children ; she never quits the circle of her domestic duties ; she is a 
devoted wife and an accomplished mother.'''' How well those French 
authors agree ! 



21 

So wrote the Frencliman of the American wife ; so speaks the Amer- 
ican of the English mothers ; but the Irish author is not equally com- 
plimentary of the American who entertained him. To his eyes our 
women may be thin, but to ours they are fair ; our climates are dissim- 
ilar, our education is diiferent. We live to love, and love to live. Thick 
boots, red petticoats, uglies, hair dressed low on the face, robes long at 
the bottom, short at the top, cheeks very rosy, bosoms very full, feet 
very large, hands veiy red, are not the characteristics of the American 
women. Perhaps it were well if they were. Exercise is the key to 
health ; comfort is better than fashion. Our women can learn a thing 
or two in England ; but I like them as they are. God makes, apparel 
shapes. 

When I am in France, or Italy, or Germany, it is positively refreshing 
to meet one of these fair-haired, red-lipped, white-toothed English girls. 
When I am in England, I rejoice in meeting an American. 

Mr. Grattan objects to the precocity of boys, forgetting that climate, 
space, government, education, all act on the mind of the child. I agree 
with him as to the necessity of more athletic sports. AVe have too much 
headwork, and not sufficient exercise. AVe eat too quick, think too much, 
and do not allow ourselves sufficient rest. We should laugh more, walk 
more, and let the body work and the mind play. This age is too dig- 
nified. In this respect America, I regret to say, is copying England. 
English dinner parties are stiff, formal, freezing with the weight of dig- 
nity. Digestion is best promoted by song and sentiment, speech, con- 
versation, laughter. 

How delightful it is to see the gas turned on to the theatre after you 
have been blinded by a night scene ; what a relief it is to see the Com- 
mons light up, while your eyes are asking to see if it was Palmerston, 
Bulwer, or Gibson. I agree with Mr. Grattan, — Americans require 
more physical exercise ; while English, I must tell him, need more 
laughter. In reality, there is more vitality in an English company 
than an American, if you only unship their dignity and wake them up. 
I wish that America would adopt the national sports of England — 
coursing, racing, cricket, fives court, running, jumping, and the High- 
land fames. I wish we had them all ; America can profit by England's 
example. But I should not like too many Tipton Slashers, too many 
Palmers, to come among our people as teachei'S. 

Mr. Grattan " don't think an American gentleman can be found who 



22 

could take a horse over a three feet rail in England, or an Irish potato 
field." Mr. Grattan, permit me to introduce you to Mr. Earey and 
Mr. Ten Broeck. You should have had a ride after Lady Suffolk or 
Flora Temple. 

He says, page 323, " Compared with Europe, there is little or no 
sentiment in America, religious, personal, or local," and that the Amer- 
icans have no enlightenment." " Let the masses of civilized America," 
he says on page next to the last, as if to leave a sting on his English 
readers, "be what they are — uneducated, unmannered — but still, ac- 
cording to their tastes and wants, contented, if not actually happy — 
decorous, if not entirely virtuous, &c." Thank Heaven ! he utters one 
great truth, which even he could not fail to observe, but which he evi- 
dently cannot appreciate. 

On the same page he writes, " Let the Americans not attempt the 
high tone of English manners, nor the restrained refinements of a class 
which could never exist without an inferior multitude to lord it over." 
Again I say, thank Heaven that we have not, nor can we ever have, 
such " a high-toned class in America," for we have not such an infe- 
rior multitude over which they can lord it.'''' The fact is, Mr. Grattan, 
like most superficial observers, compares our rough democracy with his 
refined aristocracy — American second-class men with English first- 
class ; but let him put caste to caste, and where will he stand ? 

The English traveller in America sees the worst side of American 
democracy, which he at once compares with English aristocracy, and 
sneers at the result. " I rowed in the same boat withLamartine," said 
Albert Smith to Jerrold. " Yes, but with far difierent sculls," was 
the sarcastic response. The European mind will not, cannot circum- 
vender the mile-a-minute speed of American progress. Wild, sharp, 
and piercing as are our election calls and republican cries, our democ- 
racy is the most conservative in the world. Out of what the Grattan- 
ites term infidelity, we winnow the grain of religion. The journals 
revile the law and crucify the judges, yet where is there a more law- 
loving, law-abiding people ? Europe sees our worst side — she sneaks 
in at the back door. Mr. Grattan thinks the lady must have been 
talking with the cook when he called ! America sees Europe in her 
Sunday garb, while Europe goes to America on a working-day. Amer- 
ca observes Europe through a thousand journals ; while Europe looks 
at America through the columns of the Loudon Times. 

For more than a quarter of a century, whenever the Times laid an 



American egg, all Europe cackled ! European monarclis read the 
Times, and the Times only. European hotels take the Times — Euro- 
pean academies, clubs, societies, are subscribers to the Times. I found 
it in the palace of the King as well as in the seraglio of the Sultan. 
Go to Italy, and ask for an English paper ; they hand you the Times, 
'T is the same in Russia, in Austria, in the north of Europe, in France, 
in Spain ; and the journals of these nations translate only from the 
Times. Hence note its power and its responsibility. Why or where- 
fore I never knew, but some one connected with that gigantic establish- 
ment must have had some overpowering prejudice, some deep sense of 
wrong, some lasting impression of injustice, to have occasioned such 
uncompromising enmity against the American people. Was it a ques- 
tion of money with the Times, as it was with Sydney Smith, and ap- 
pears to be with Mr. Grattan ? Did the editors who persecuted Amer- 
ica, distorting facts, introducing obscure newspaper paragraphs as 
history, misrepresenting acts — did the writers in question lose money 
by the failure of the Bank of the Qnited States? (The United States 
Bank never suspended). 

Sydney Smith worshipped America and the Americans before he pe- 
titioned Congress ; one day he was all praise, the next day he was in a 
furious passion ! He speculated — times were bad — money was tight — 
panic came. He sold at forty discount, and awoke disquieted when he 
found that he had parted with his stock, and Pennsylvania did not re- 
pudiate after all. The distinguished divine lost some 314/. 10s. by 
selling on a false market. Grattan, later on, got into a similar boat. 
Had both of these gentlemen made money, neither would have abused 
America. Sydney Smith was witty, clever, and good-natured ; Grattan 
writes in bad temper, but both write on a money basis. Sell at a pre- 
mium, and I will call the Americans gentlemen ; sell at a discount, and 
they shall forevermore be villains. 

Now, let me ask, what is a blackmail opinion worth after all ? 

But to return to the Times. Abuse on abuse, editorial on editorial, 
misrepresentation on misrepresentation, so acted on public opinion that 
Europe ridiculed America on every topic — social, .sacred, and secular. 
The aristocratic mind of Europe too willingly drank in the poison, and 
America became a pig-pen, a quagmire, a judge and jury, a coal-hole, 
a Five Points Government and country. This was the state of things 
when in 1830 one of its leading minds (John T. Delane, Esq.) made a 
flying visit to America, and, short as was his stay, he saw the cities of 



24 

the West, and, heing in a hurry, refused to accept Mr. Collinses offer of 
a state-room in the "Adriatic" — jumped on board a Cunard steamer, 
arrived in London, and, presto ! from that day the London Times has 
changed its entire tone towards America. Thanks to that American 
voyage ; for ever since, by treating us kindly, the Times has been 
strongly, but surely, untying the knot of public opinion in Europe, 
which for so long a time it had pulled till America stood out a monster 
in the presence of the world. 

We were beginning to understand each other, when a British Gov- 
ernment officer runs afoul of us with his piratical craft. But it won't 
do. Mr. Grattan ; America will love old England in spite of such in- 
gratitude. Granted, we have faults — we know it, we feel it; but one 
of them is not hatred to England. Don't let us lose time in repeating 
those faults, but let us mend matters. Don't spit at us in your books ; 
we can beat you at spitting, two" to one. Put on some new glasses ; 
look at us through some new eyes ; put some able-bodied seamen at the 
helm, and not so many green hands; and judge of us as you would 
judge of yourselves. 

Love your enemies as much as yon can ; but place the grappling-irons 
on your friends. t)o to the Americans as you would have the Ameri- 
cans do unto you. Forgive us our faults, as we forgive your unkind 
comments. But, above all, don't lead us into temptation. 

It takes two to fight. If one will not. the other cannot. I want to 
see more elasticity, more geniality, more heart, thought, and deed, in 
English views of America and her people. Eome was master of the 
world, England has been its mistress. Eome was grand, so is England. 
Rome outraged nationalities, so has England treated America most 
unfairly. 

America is always trying to show her attachment for her mother 
land. How warmly, how earnestly, how sincerely, we drink the health 
of your right royal Queen. I never heard an American refuse to cheer 
when that noble lady was the sentiment. Give an American one hand, 
and he will give you two ; advance one inch towards him, and he joins 
you with a bound. 

How we receive your authors, your poets, your statesmen ! How 
wild our enthusiasm when we talked with you for a day over the electric 
cord ! How we received your officers, feasted your consuls, toasted your 
jaatiou, rejoiced at our connection with you ! — up went the rockets, oif 
went the guns, out went the flags, and our city hall was in a flame, all 



25 

for love of England. England received the intelligence as though it 
had been the death of a dear friend — the elopement of a favorite 
daughter — or, what strikes nearer home, the protesting of an accept- 
ance — 

" Not a dnim was lieard, not a martial note, 
As the news o'er the cable was hurried ; 
Not a paper discharged a welcome sliot 

O'er the grave where our friendship was buried." 

Again, when a New York Eegiment intended paying a visit to 
England by the Galway steamer, the British government showed evi- 
dent signs of distrust, by compelling them to land in citizens' dress. 
But mark the diflFcrence in America. When the Americans expected 
the arrival of the -i'ld Highlanders, the Empire City was alive with ex- 
citement. The Mayor convened the Council — the Council voted the 
freedom of the ciiy — appointed committees to receive the distinguished 
guests — and voted to pay all their expenses while in New York. Thea- 
tres were to open wide their doors, the military were to turn out, and 
from all classes the noble 42d were to be welcomed as brothers, and 
feted as no regiment was ever before received ; and all this out of love 
and kindness towards England. Not a word of all this sentiment finds 
space in a British journal ; but murders, scuffles in Congress, filibuster 
su) prises, negro romance and negro realities, records of crime — all are 
welcome, all find space, no matter how crowded may be the British 
newspapers. 

Why did private and public companies send out ships-of-war loaded 
with American corn and provisions during the Irish famine ? Simply 
to show America's good-will to England. Wh}^ did Congress vote eight 
thousand pounds for the expenses, and depute officers of the American 
navy to deliver the Arctic explorer Resolute into the hands of your 
noble Queen? Simply to show America's good-will to England. Why 
have the American people invited and feted Lord Napier in the recent 
grand ball at AYashington ? Simply because he is a British Alinister. 
And America wishes to show in every possible way her good-will to- 
wards England. Yes, America will stand by this grand old country, 
in spite of Grrattans — in spite of jealousy — in spite of war-eyed Con- 
servatives. America likes England, and wishes to be treated as a 
daughter, but not as a step-daughter. 

America courts inquiry, and asks all the world to pay her a visit. 
Murray liked her. Mackay Avas astonished at her magnitude, and gave 



26 

a good-natured rap at slaver}^ in his poem, "Down the Missis«ippi." 
He got rapped for it in return by the Southern press ; he came home 
■well pleased with what he saw. iluspratt proved how much he re- 
spected the land by marrying one of the fairest and cleverest of her 
daughters. Thackeray proved himself a gentleman and a scholar : all 
liked him, all praised. I saw him last at " the Derby," and he told 
me that he could only speak in terms of esteem of a people from whom 
he had received so much kindness, and for whom he possessed so high 
a respect. Many of the French writers and artists were equally de- 
lighted ; so were the Germans ; so t^e Italians ; so the Swedes. Frede- 
rika Bremer and Rachel, Jenny Lind and Mario, all were welcome. 
Xo matter if it be Kossuth or Humboldt, Smith O'Brien or a Prince of 
Wales — America will always have a ready plate, a dinner, and a bed. 
A))ierica is a congress of nations. Men of intellect will always have 
the best of everything — even though they abuse us in return. The 
quality of hospitality is not strained. 

Leqeuve, in 1857, reviewed Ampere's work, and, like most graduates 
of the Academy, writes pointedly : — 

''America," he says, "brings good fortune to those of our great Avriters 
who speak of lier. It seems as if one could not touch that fruitful land with- 
out acquiring a greater strength. Chateaubriand brought away a new poesy ; 
De Tocqueville found there a chef d.'ceuvre of political philosophy ; Monsieur 
Ed. Laboulaj'e has i^roduced from the American Constitution a book which 
although still unfinished, counts already' as a durable work ; and, finally, 
Mons. Ampei-e returns to-day from this New "World witli that which is most 
wanting, perhaps, in our old continent, a religious respect for the dignity of 
human nature." 

And now we have Grattan prowling about the country with a magni- 
fying glass, showing nothing but pimples and eruptions on the face of 
American society ; hair uncombed, toes out of the boots, patches on its 
garments, unshaven and unshorn — imcivilized, not civilized America. 
Poor thin-skinned race ! Miserable boasters ! Wretched outcasts, when 
compared with European refinement, ye have caused much pain to a 
Consul of Britain. Ye must have neglected him, ye Bostonians, to 
have made him abuse ye so. 

Dore puts a prayer into Jonathan's mouth, summing up all his sins, 
in page 193 of a '* Stroller in Europe " : — 

'■ Jonathan y;ets well lashed : and is at last so be-criticized, that, bewildered, 
he sinks on his knees, and cries out, with little Topsy, ' Uh, I is so wicked 1 ' 



27 



Almighty dollar ! hare mercy upon me, a miserable spitter ! a slaveholder ! 
a feeble sucker of mint juleps and brandy cocktails ! a lover of cotton and 
tobacco ! (particularly Mrs. Miller's fine-cut ;) an amateur of balloon excur- 
sions on sections of steam boilers ! an advocate of community of tooth- 
brushes ! universal annexer ! boardinghouse-keeper of all the felons, forcats, 
and forgers on earth ! fast eater I fast liver ! fast killer ! inventor of two 
interminable skewers for spitting human beings a la brochette de Rognons, 
called single-track railways ! maker but hater of tragedies ! Have pity on 
me, O Almighty doUar ! Shut me up in prison, and make my Atlantic walls 
ten times three thousand miles in breadth; pitch my cotton and cocktails, ray 
balloons and boilers, my forgers and felons, all into the sea, and the dice, and 
the slaves, and the brocliettes, and the stars, after them, (leaving only the 
stripes, for by them we are healed.") 

Mr. Grattan closes "Civilized America" with a fling at Americati 
securities ; and, in reply, I promised to tax the readers of the Post with 
but one more article. American securities don't pay / Proof: Sydney 
Smith said so some twenty years ago ! 

Here are some facts for the English million : — 

Pennsylvania never repudiated — The Bank of the United States 
never failed — American raihvay securities pay better than any other 
raihcay securities in any other part of the tvorld — America has paid 
better dividends in the panic of 1857 than any other nation — American 
credit is based on as sid)stanticd a ground-work as any other credit — The 
evei-lasting cry abotd American indebtedness to Europe, American insol- 
vency, American delinquency, American dishonesty, American double- 
dealing, is as false as the ten thousand other slanders that idle brains have 
crecded and unreflecting journals have disseminated throughout Europe. 

I have italicized the foregoing points, because I want reflecting minds 
to examine before they deny the assertions. 

American securities don't pay. "V^'hy ? Because Sydney Smith said 
so. when railways, and telegraphs, and daguerreotypes, and photo- 
graphs, and chloroform, and ocean steamers were luxuries. Because he 
said so before these inventions became necessities. American securities 
don't pay, said Sydney Smith in 1S43. Sixteen years have gone; 
Caflfre war, Mexican war, Crimean war, Indian war, Algerian war, 
China war, have all been enacted since then. Australia and California 
have added two hundred millions sterling to the gold in the world. 
New Emperors are on the thrones of Russia. Austria, China, and 
France Peel saw free trade add to England's prosperity before he 
died ; the Queen has become eight times a mother and once a grand- 



28 

mother since that eventful time, when, in a fit of good-natured spleen, 
Sydney Smith divided the American oyer the dinner table, and said 
those memorable words, which it seems impossible to eradicate from 
the English mind — American securities don't pay ! 

Now let us draw the curtain. First, the aggregate debt of Michigan, 
Arkansas, Florida, and Mississippi is not three millions sterling, yet the 
twenty-nine solvent States are obliged to have rung in their ears we are a 
repudiating community. 

The British Bank of Glasgow's losses swallow up the entire sum of 
the repudiating States; but what of that? American securities dont 
pay! 

The failure of Messrs. Lawrence and Co., and the unsecured bonds 
of the Erie Eoad, furnish Mr. Grattan for a text that " American secu- 
rities are all bad ; " yet he unknowingly proves exactly to the contrary 
in the very valuable, because elaborate, table of American railways in 
the Appendix to " Civilized America." 

First, ho asserts the unsoundness of our railways, and then gives the 
figures proving what he has asserted is false. Buy the book, examine 
the table, and you have the evidence of the flat contradiction. 

Mr. Grattan winds up with a savage comment on Mr. Peabody's 
recommendation to buy some "unsecured bonds." He bought, held, 
and sold at a loss ; hence American securities are heed. 

His friend. Mi-. Lawrence, who led him astray in some investments 
in the Middlesex Mills — broke up in the panic — and left the coun- 
try ; and while the " British banker, Paul, is in a British prison, the 
fraudulent merchant, Lawrence, is having his portrait taken in Flor- 
ence." Hence Americans ought not to he trusted. 

One man has the small-pox, therefore the nation must go into finan- 
cial quarantine. One potato has shown signs of corruption, hence 
"that root of all evil" leavens the whole lump. Mr. Grattan lost one 
year's salary in a bad investment, hence he warns his British friends 
against cdl American securities. This is wrong, unfair, ungenerous. 

Does Mr. Grattan pretend to tell me that America has anything that 
will compare in magnitude in non-paying dividends with the Great 
Western of England, or the Chester and Holyhead ? Is not that two 
hundred thousand pound afiuir of the Ohio Life and Fire Insurance 
overshadowed, sunk, lost in the overwhelming sums that have been 
swallowed up in the Eoyal British, Tipperary, Northumberland, and 
the Borousrh Banks? Collect together all the defalcations, frauds, and 



29 

embezzlements in America for the last twenty years, and, in comparison 
with Walter Notts, of the Globe Assurance Office, who suicided himself 
in Newgate ; Joseph "VVindle Cole, of dock warrant notoriety ; John 
Sadler, the forging and fraudulent member of Parliament ; Robson, the 
women-keeping prize poet of the Crystal Palace ; Eedpath, the accom- 
plished embezzler of the Great Northern ; the bullion robber of the 
Southeastern ; or Col. Waugh, of Dismal Swamp Investing Bank- 
capital fame ! Collect all our cis-Atlantic discrepancies and place them 
beside the foregoing names, and will they not appear like Lilliputians 
chaining down a Gulliver ? 

England engineers in Thames Tunnelling — Tubular-bridge making 
— Crystal Palace-erecting — Great Eastern launching style ! 

Her failures and her frauds are equally gigantic with her Augean 
enterprise and her magnificent individuality ! And there is nothing 
more sublime than the stupendous caricature she has painted for a 
score of years of America and the Americans — making the world 
believe that " while the earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof," 
she, and she alone, is the self-appointed steward, and any other nation 
who possesses a night-key has obtained it by perjury or fraud ! 

American railway securities are the best in the world ; they have 
paid better, they are paying better, and they will continue to pay 
better, than any other railway securities in any other land. Interested 
evidence will not be admitted. An American's assertion will not be 
sufficient. A merchant, a banker, or a broker possibly might be ques- 
tioned, but no one can doubt the authority of a Government official, 
who is sent especially to report on the matter under discussion. Cap- 
tain Galton stands high as an engineer, and here is a table in his able 
report to the Board of Trade, which speaks for itself: — 



30 






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31 

"Will ^Ir. Gvattan accept these stubborn facts? "Will British capi- 
talists refuse to admit their own official advices? "Will British jour- 
nalists admit the truth of my assertion, that American railways pay 
better than German — better than French — better than English — bet- 
ter than any other? The German roads average under six per cent., so 
is it with the French and the Belgian ; while the British railways do 
not, in the aggregate, touch four per cent. ! Look well at my figures 

— add up, substract, divide, and correct me if I am wrong. Then 
cast your eye towards the American railways that Captain Galtou tells 
you pay six and seven-tenths per cent. ! Bead and ponder — admit or 
deny I 

Punch and the Times have so deeply impressed the English mind 
with spittoons — cobblers — smashers — bowie knives — ' ' Eevolvers in 
Georgia," — repudiation — lynch law — Congressional bullying — negro 
chains — apple sauce — wooden nutmegs — collapsing steam-boats — 
one-eyed voters — Macready riots — Colt suicides — Webster murders 

— and non-paying dividends — the British journalists and British 
authors have fed on these crumbs that fall from the American's table 
so long, it has become near to impossible to make the English people 
believe, when they meet an American, that he has not got a pocket steam- 
boiler in his waistcoat, just on the point of exploding ; a miniature 
locomotive in his coat, on the eve of smashing up the decanters ; a small 
hand-edition in his breeches pockets of a negro, just about being man- 
gled ; or an American security in his hand, done up in some patent 
financial infernal machine, made to go off on the hair-trigger principle, 
so as to ruin as many people as possible at the shortest notice ! 

The English are a decidedly conservative people. Full of wisdom — 
full of experience — full of nationality, ,and full of generosity and good- 
nature ; willing to argue, willing to be corrected, willing to be convinc- 
ed on almost every other topic hut questions connected tvith America. 
They form opinions on the United States and the Americans in 1S39, 
which they use as a concordance twenty years after. They made up 
their minds that Dr. Lardner said that a steamship could never cross 
the Atlantic. He never said sd. They made up their minds that Penn- 
sylvania repudiated her obligations. This was not so. They think that 
all Americans are slave-owners. There are eighteen millions of Northern 
white men in America who have no more to do with slavery than Eng- 
land has ! They imagine that the term Yankee is one of reproach. On 



9.0. 



the contrary, it is a compliment. Tengeese was the Indian name for 
English. Yengeese — Yengee — Yankee. They consider a Creole must 
necessarily have negro blood in his veins. Creole means native. An 
Englishman is a Creole of England. 

They have a few stock jokes on the Americans. That of Ci'ockL't and 
the spittoon ; that of the precocity of the boy whose right to be a m^ n 
was based on the ground of his '• having chewed tobacco these two years ;" 
that of the man who was so delighted with only losing "his nose and 
one eye in the free fight ; " that of " are you the chap that is going to 
ride, then I am the gentleman to drive you ; " that of " any passengers 
who have n't paid their passage, need n't, because I am bound to pass 
that 'ere steamer or bust ; " that of " how long will it take you to send 
this despatch to New Orleans "? " " Five minutes." " Too long. I can't 
wait." All these are hashed up for breakfast, and re-hashed for dinner, 
as national characteristics, — traits peculiar to the Americans. All right. 
I am not finding fault. I merely mention the jokes in stock. I always 
laugh, they are so funny. 

Mr. Grattan picks out the follies and weaknesses of mankind, and 
fastens them on the Americans. He saw America through Boston — 
now Boston is not the ''huh of the solar system." Mr. Grattan cannot 
epitomize a nation that way — a locality of less than 200,000 people does 
not represent 30,000,000 ! 

He saw policemen at parties — do they not have them in England "? 
I have followed him step by step, I have laughed at his most inimitable 
description of his impressions of the sounding of the gong at the Astor. 
I enjoy his chapter on names, where (page 325) " Polly Woodcock drops 
a syllable, and becomes Polly Wood ; and Alice Bottomly, from motives 
of delicacy, I presume, alters the spelling of her name to Bottbomlee." 
I am surprised that he should have thought wheeling a barrow of apples 
on an election bet, from Newburyport to Boston, by Benjamin Perley 
Poore, an event of sufiicient importance for him to devote a page to it. 
I am astonished that his friend, Sir John Bagot, when passing Bunker 
Hill, in Harrison Gray Otis's carriage, should never have heard of that 
memorable spot ; and I am amused by the usual overture which he, with 
every other English author, plays upon the spittoon. 

Dickens was the leader of the orchestra, — then came fat Dickenses 
and lean Dickenses, round-faced Dickenses and square-toed Dickenses, 
little Dickenses and great Dickenses, — all of whom have entertained 
their readers with what would constitute an ocean of saliva ! 0, why 



33 

the Dickens did you give your band this spittoon chorus? " You are 
all right ; it is a disgusting habit. When I see the black end of tobacco, 
I pity the mouth that chews it ; but lohen I see the mouth, I pity the 
tobacco / " It was a matter of curiosity to me to see what the English 
did with the saliva occasioned by the consumption of the quantity of to- 
bacco used in England, the annual duties of which are over Jive millions 
sterling ! I never discovered the secret till I got on board a Birkenhead 
Ferry-boat — sat down in a low beer shop — looked into a a second and 
a third-class railway carriage, or examined the pit and the gallery of the 
theatre ! I saw at once that the aristocracy swallow all that does not go 
into the pocket handkerchief, while the democracy adopt the American 
plan of stand from under. 

Englishmen forget that we have no second-class carriages ; that most 
ti'avellers take passage in the first cabin, and that our society acted upon 
the every-man-a-sovereign principle. Hence English travellers compare 
our Bowery Boys with the graduates of Cambridge ; our backwood labor- 
ers with England's grandees, instead of comparing man with man, class 
with class. Put our factory operative by the side of yours — place our 
drayman and yours together — take the American farmer, our collier, 
our mechanic, and shoulder to shoulder compare them with similar classes 
in England ; and caste by caste judge fairly, and not consider the nat- 
uralized Irish stoker who may sit on the same seat with Mr, Grattan, 
the first-class representative of '' Civilized America ; " compare our cler- 
gymen with yours, our army officers with your army officers, our profes- 
sors with your professors, our historians with your historians, our manu- 
facturing and agricultural population with yours, and remember that all 
these grades with us go in the first-class, while your castes are almost as 
rigid as that of the Hindoo and the Brahmin. If you want to see spit- 
ting and smoking, go into the second and the third-class carriages, 
Americans chew tobacco — Englishmen take snuS". Is it any worse to 
make a coal-hole of your mouth, than it is to make a chimney of your 
nose ? Why do some of the snufiT-takers carry a red handkerchief as 
well as a white handkerchief? Chewing is an American habit, and a 
disgusting one. Snufi-taking is an English custom, and equally dis- 
gusting as the other ! Smoking is a German notion, and almost as bad 
as either of the others. 

Americans have their faidts, hut one of them is not hatred of Eng- 
land ! 

Mr, Grattan, no doubt, has accomplished his object. He wrote " Civ- 
3 



34 

ilized America " to sell ; and in order to make it sell, he represents the 
Americans as uncivilized — that is, when compared with England. Has 
he forgotten that cmde, unlettered, ungenial, ill-mannered as we may 
seem to " Civilized Europe," we sprung from the pioneer in civilization 
of that same Europe ? Our habits and tastes correspond with our lives 
and circumstances, and climate, and government, as they do with people 
all over the world. 

Wholesale diatribes on the people of any country are not calculated 
either to cause improvement in that people, or to produce reciprocal good 
feeling. They, naturally, ask with Job, " Who is lie that darheneth coun- 
sel by words ivithout knoivledge ? " Think well of a country, and you will 
speak well of it. We do not ask commendation — we simply wish not 
to be misrepresented, knowing that the sweetest wine makes the dearest 
vinegar. We want no honeyed words ; but knowing, also, that one ill 
word will sour a whole pot of pottage, we do not wish to be judged by 
authors as prejudiced as Mr. Grattan has proved himself to be. False 
mirrors make straight natures look crooked ! 

Americans had a right to expect a work from her Majesty's Consul 
that would have done them justice. So distinguished a writer should 
have found field for reflection in the astonishing progress which the 
country has made since his countrymen disguised themselves in the garb 
of the North American savages before Fort Wyoming, so that they might 
surprise and scalp the garrison, rather than in the examination of wo- 
man's dress. Americans have memories as well as Englishmen. Hessian 
soldiers and red Indians may have scalped our forefathers by orders of 
Parliament, but what of that ? Why should their children re-open the 
old wounds ? Why should Mr. Grattan write in his Preface that he had 
consigned his body to the butchers if he did not feel that he had done 
the Americans a grievous wrong ? What have we done to merit such 
reproach, unless loving old mother England be our crime, — and I beg 
to say it is a very general one with the Americans, — to occasion such 
an outburst of national prejudice ? Tread on a worm, and it will turn. 
The blood of England's best men circulates in our veins. The Lord's 
Prayer is taught to the American as well as to the English child. 

Why are not children taught the history of America ? Why devote 
so small a space to the United States ? Teach the boy if you wish to 
inform the man. Bad as England may think of the American press, our 
journals do not devote any extra labor to picking up the foul things that 
float in the gutter of every-day life in England, and describe " Civilized 



35 

England " from such a point of view ; " misrepresentation is not wrono- 
because it is cruel, but it is cruel because it is wrong." 

Is the English mind predisposed to receive evil report of the Ameri- 
cans ? If not, why do the English journals continually placard every 
American crime before the public — no matter how small, no matter 
what that crime may be ? 

Take an English review or an English newspaper when there is the 
least choice for comment, and note the prominent position given to an 
American crime ! " Another brutal outrage on board an American 
ship ! " " Another sailor murdered by an American captain ! " " An- 
other assault on an American Senator ! " " Crime in New York ! " 
" A slave lynched in Kentucky!" How prominent such events are 
paraded. European crime is not so attractive. How often do we see 
similar records of crime — in France or Germany, or even in Ireland, 
Scotland, and England ? The excruciating tortures of the poor fireman, 
who was deliberately burned to death by the officers on board the Bra- 
zilian steamer, is merely recorded in the papers — no editorials on that 
brutality. No — it was not an American ship ! Do American ship- 
masters alone commit all these crimes ? Do similar transactions never 
occur on board British ships? No wonder the mind of England is so 
ready to receive bad impressions of America. The journals must cater 
to the appetite which they have created. Why do the Globe and Herald 
continually charge Mr. Bright and other public men with having Amer- 
icanized ideas? The Morning HeralcVs comments on America will ex- 
actly suit Mr. Grattan. ." Mr. D' Israeli," says the Herald of last week, 
" admires no more than we do the predominance of the mob ; and the 
Democratic institutions of the United States of America, in which happy 
country the most respectable inhabitants take no share in politics, abdi- 
cate their proper functions in the administration of afiairs, and dare not 
even utter their genuine sentiments before a crowd." Saturday's Globe 
follows in a similar strain. 

A friend's word is faithful, — but the kisses of an enemy are 
deceitful I 

The Old Testament ends with a curse. The New Testament com- 
mences with a blessing. Mr. Grattan commences his book with a com- 
pliment, and ends it with a sneer. 

Laughing with one eye and crying with the other, he ate our dinners 
— drank our wine — parted with us with friendship's warmth — returned 
to England, leaving his son to succeed him in the consulship, and who, 



36 

I believe, won golden opinions from all wlio knew him — waited till that 
son received from Lord Palmerston a Continental consulship — wrote his 
introductory — a clever chapter — where, as I before observed, he " con- 
signed his body to the butchers," — made his arrangements with the 
enterprising publishers of Punch, Messrs. Bradbury and Evans, — laid 
back in his chair at the Atheuceum Club — most likely remarked, "I 
have out-Dickenized Dickens this time, cleared the track of all the trash 
that has been written in the United States, and monopolized all the abuse 
that the country may have to spare, on the ex-novelist, ex-historian, ex- 
consul — the distinguished author of " Civilized America ! " They may 
abuse me, but what do I care ? — the hook sells ! '■'•' 

In looking through " Civilized America," there is one consolation, — 
the English journals and the English reviewers cannot, and have not, 
endured the prejudices therein contained — many of them have passed 
it by in silence. "It is better to have no opinion at all of the gods 
than a degrading one." The Americans will feel most keenly the in- 
gratitude which Mr. Grrattan has shown. 

Boston is my native city. I know it has its faults — who, indeed, 
has not ? — but it has its virtues also. More like England than any 
other American city — older than most of them — the birthplace of 
American liberty — the seat of learning — Boston will survive Mr. 
Grattan's porcupine quills. There may be coldness in her hospitality, 
— there may be cliques that it is difficult for many to enter, yet all 
were open to the British Consul — for America loves England, and 
always welcomes her sons — and, in spite of Mr. Grattan, always will. 
He saw few gentlemen there. I know other cities laugh at Boston for 
its mutual admiration societies — but all must admit that she represents 
the aristocracy of mutual admiration. She moves in circles — some of 
which wealth cannot penetrate. Beacon Street is sacred ground, you 
must belong to the " mutual admiration," or the door is closed upon you. 
Boston is the pink of perfection — doing everything on the sly. The 
Boston merchants have done more as the pioneers of commerce than 
any merchants now living. I found a Boston merchant in all the ports 
I entered in my world's journeying. William Gray was a Boston mer- 
chant — Sturges, of Manilla, is a Boston merchant — Kussell and 
Heard, of China, are Boston merchants — Joshua Bates is a Boston 
merchant — so is Eussell Sturges — so is George Peabody. 

Go where you will, you will find foremost in commerce representa- 

* Here was a rub. The book was a dead failure. 



37 

tives of that city which furnishes Mr. G-rattan with material for abuse 

— and all because of those unclaimed Bonds which Mr. Peal)ody recom- 
mended him to buy — and that Middlesex Mills Stock which Mr. Law- 
rence told him would pay. 

Is it honorable to lamj^oon a whole people for these things ? ^^'ould 
it be fair for Macaulay to Juniusize all Scotland because of the Western 
Bank? Boston will " still live." 

The Bostonians have monopolized the leviathan racing ground, taking 
the whale fisheries almost entirely away from England — but this does not 
prove that they are gentlemen ! The Bostonians arrange buildings in 
mid-summer — and fill them with ice in mid- winter — which square 
blocks of petrified water they place in ships and transport to Calcutta, 
where they build other houses to receive it — where it is taken to the 
couch of the dying officer of the Indian army in the Sepoy revolution 

— and has cooled many a fevered brow during that terrible rebellion, 
and relieved many a parching throat. — (It seems but the other day 
since I saw that fiend incarnate, Nana Sahib, talking with the brave 
General Havelock in the presence of Lord Dalhousie and Lord Canning 
at Government House.) — Yes, the Bostonians introduced this welcome 
commerce to India, but that does not prove that they toere gentlemen ! 
Mr. Grattan had no time to talk commerce, manufactures, or agricul- 
ture. His mission was to ascertain why wives kept out of sight when 
enceinte ! — why the newspapers did not publish births ! — why the 
Americans were so ill-mannered, so ungenerous, so contrary to the deni- 
zens of "civilized America!" Such things he considered of more im- 
portance than discussing colleges or schools, ships or steamers, factories 
or foundries, canals or railways. 

He saw no benevolence in the Americans — no bequests? What 
about the Girard College in Philadelphia? — the Cooper Institute in 
New York? What about the splendid endowment in the Boston 
Athenaeum, by the leading American merchant in Europe, Joshua 
Bates, of London ? What about the donation in the town of Danvers, 
by his friends of the " unsecured bonds? " Or, grander than all these 

— what will he say to the Peabody Institute, at Baltimore, to which 
the distinguished banker has recently donated one hundred thousand 
pounds! " To enjoy happiness is a great good; hut to he ahle to confer 
it on others is a greater still." Notwithstanding these munificent 
donations, the author of "Civilized America" calls us a niggardly 
people. 



38 

The truth is, Mr. Grattan was prejudiced. He saw nothing but the 
worse side of the domocratic element. He went a rabbit hunting with 
a dead ferret. His mind was made up beforehand. So " Why puff 
against the wind ? " asks a friend. When wine sinks, words swim — 
large samples do not improve by handling. Let him alone. Eldon 
Holes need filling up. 

America has many and serious faults — so have all lands, and few 
more so than England ; but are not her virtues also worthy of notice '? 
We think according to our nature ; we speak according to our instruc- 
tion ; but we act according to custom. England hates the Frenchman 
to-day as sincerely as she did in the times of George the Third ; and, had 
it not been for such disturbers of the peace as Mr. Grattan, she would 
have loved America as much as she despises France. She feels to-day 
that a deceitful peace is more injurious than an open war. 

The times look ominous. Mouarchs are sleeping over powder maga- 
zines, whilst the sentinels are smoking their pipes. England shuddered 
when Napoleon kissed her Queen. Tear'em has not yet fully recovered 
from the shock. While the Continent is boiling over with the political 
fires beneath the surface of its society, why not cultivate America's 
friendship ? 

" All States that are liberal of naturalization toivards strangers are 
jit for empire." Will the people see our desire to know them ? Will 
they hear our knock at the door? Will they shake- hands and be 
friends ? I have always found it so ; but such tirades as these volumes 
under review don't benefit the cause. 

Mr. Grattan closes " Civilized America" with these laconic lines : — 

" Aristocracies are built on the indestructible rights of property. Democra- 
cies on the indefeasible rights of liberty. And as wealth, tending to corrup- 
tion, is the basis of misrule, so freedom, while fostering virtue, is that of 
good government. The few must always be the rich ; the poor the many. 
Then if property become practically more sacred and stronger than liberty, 
the few will assuredly become oppressors, and the many be enslaved." 

If I mistake not, this metaphysical digest touches England. The 
paragraph is distilled, but not quite clear. It has no doubt caused the 
author more thought than it will occasion reflection in the reader. 

" Bead not to contradict and refute, nor to believe and take for 
granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider," 
wrote Lord Bacon. " Some books," he said, " are to be tasted, others 



39 

to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested." The taste 
of "Civilized America" is so nauseating, it forbids any further opera- 
tion of the Baconian philosophy. ''Reading maheth a full man, confer- 
ence a ready man, and writing an excoct man," Not in Mr. Grattan's 
case. 

The Times, a few weeks since, gave us a stinging Editorial on 
American Crime and Pauperism, the result of American Democracy. 
Had the writer been familiar with the facts, he would have placed the 
preacher in the right pulpit. Take the " Empire State " — of the sixty- 
three thousand criminal arrests made last year in New York, Thirty- 
nine thousand were subjects of Great Britain ! Think of that — 
Thirty-nine thousand ! Yet the official organ supports Mr. Grattan in 
sneering at American institutions ; but, thanks to such institutions, the 
American cities cannot equal the picture portrayed by that severe jour- 
nal in a leader a few days ago. One extract will suffice : — 

" Nuisances of the grossest and filthiest kind have been suffered to accu- 
mulate in every great town and city of England to a degree scarcely credible 
but on the clearest testimony of authorized statistics. The grander the city, 
the wider the streets, the more noble and showy its public buildings, the 
harder is it to believe that beliind these noble buildings — these clean, well- 
paved streets — these terraces, palaces, and towers — these gorgeous shops, 
resplendent with gilding and plate-glass — there should yet be, close at hand, 
within a stone's throw, dens, courts, and alleys of the darkest, filthiest, and 
foulest kind ; narrow, dark, and abominable to the last degree ; where the air 
is absolutely pestiferous from one end of the year to the other ; where such a 
thing as clean, wholesome, drinkable water is either altogether unknown, or 
only known in such scant and paltry meas\ire as might befit a priceless lux- 
ury. And not only are miserable dens and hiding-places such as these inhab- 
ited, but actually crowded with inhabitants to a degree that would render life 
almost intolerable even in streets and houses of the highest kind. Every 
single room in every house is crammed with half-clad, half-starved, wretched 
or helpless creatures, toiling on from year's end to year's end in one hopeless, 
ceaseless round of vice and misery, in the midst of crime, moral evil, and 
physical uncleanness, scarcely removed from that of the most benighted 
savage. Here they live, here they multiply, here they sicken, here they die, 
without the very commonest comforts, decencies such as pure air and water 
alone would abundantly bestow." 

Mr. Grattan will find no such filth — no such misery — no such 
wretchedness in the native-population of the United States — no, not 
even among the foreigners. 

Let me ask the author of " Civilized America" if he ever saw such 



40 

destitution and squalor even among the American slaves ? No ; he 
knows that the American negro is not thus neglected ; he saw enough to 
convince him, if he will admit the truth, that the slave is far happier 
as he is, than to give him freedom and transfer him to a home like that 
above described. 

He may reply that the English temper is not sold and separated from 
his family ; true, and seldom, in case of bankruptcy, is it so with the 
American slave. A slave-seller, except through necessity, is not admit- 
ted into Southern society ; a slave-dealer never. 

An American, writing of Civilized England, finds something more 
ennobling for his pen than Mr. Grattan discovered in Civilized Amer- 
ica. The Liverpool Courier, writing on the Eeform Bill, says : — 

'■ The country down, hut one degree removed from the beast he tends, or the 
poor handicraft, whose soul is limited to his work, should be, in Mr. Bright's 
ideas, equally qualified to select our legislators, and therefore to be legisla- 
tors, with the noblest and most intelligent." 

Did Mr. Grattan observe any such class of society in Civilized 
America ? Yet of such he has judged us. 

The Times contains, Eeb. 2-i, a letter from the Treasurer of County 
Courts on Imprisonment for Debt, instancing a poor woman lodged in 
jail for the sum of four shillings. Did Mr. Grattan find any such case 
in " Civilized America?" It is true, "and pity 'tis 'tis true," that 
the widow and the fatherless may be shut up for months and years 
for trifling amounts when no fraud was intended, but when sickness 
alone had prevented the labor that would have worked out the obli- 
gation. 

In 1857, "ten thousand six hundred poor people were lodged in 
prison " under the system ! Can INIr. Grattan show anything like that 
in " Civilized America? " 

The writer continues : "It is no uncommon thing to drag a poor 
widowed mother to prison, leaving her helpless children unprotected." 
The expense is trifling — threepence for summons, sixpence for hearing, 
eighteen- pence for waiTant. When subscriptions are being made, he 
asks ' ' where shall we look for greater misery and sorrow than in the 
abodes of those husbands and fathers who are lingering in prison, their 
only crime being their poverty ? " 

The 26th section of the County Courts Act provides that the bed 
and fire, if more than five pounds value, can remain : but, he says, 
"nothing can be more cruel towards destitute families than for a 



41 

bailiff to leave their bedding on the floor, and remove eveiy other 

article." 

I am glad that Mr. Grattan found no such law as this in " Civilized 
America." Passing Lancaster jail some weeks since, I was informed 
that in some instances, where the amount was under five shillings, and 
the case a distressing one, the other prisoners have clubbed together, 
paid the debt, and allowed the grateful mother to return to her chil- 
dren—as noble an act of charity as endowing a college or building a 

church. 

" The quality of mercy is not strained." Poor Sheridan must have 

suffered when he wrote, — 

" Of old the debtors who insolvent died, 
Egypt the rights of sepulture denied. 
A different trade enlightened Christians drive. 
And charitably bury them alive." 

The Americans have just received Mr. Grattan's volumes. 

In order to show that my strictures on Civilized America in the sev- 
eral articles which you have done me the favor to publish in the Daily 
Post and Liverpool Journal, have only anticipated the storm of indig- 
nation the book created on its arrival, will you permit me to make an 
extract or two from a three-columned review in the Nexo York Tribune 
of March 1st: — 

-A few years before the advent of Grattan on these barbarous shores 
Harriet Martineau made a sort of triumphant progress through the land, and 
her India-rubber ear-trumpet became the depository of family secrets per- 
sonal griefs, and private gossip, sufficient to furnish material for a large 
volume of scandalous chronicles. What she heard in the ear m closets, she 
faithfully proclaimed from the housetops, giving the currency of the pen to 
the most intimate revelations, and astonishing a crowd «f -^"--"-^.^"^ 
pletons by betraying their too good-natured frankness. Grattan has placed 
himself in a similar relation to the easy individuals who for sej.n years 
reioiced under the benign influence of his consulship in Boston. He had no 
oner stepped foot on the pavement of that bleak metropolis, than he was 

oaded with civilities and compliments. His right hand was almost lamed fo 
Ife by the fervor with which it was shaken. No public celebration no social 
festivity was complete without the presence of Grattan. He was admitted o 
IT- L with the most eminent officials, and on all occasions was placed n 

Z po t of honor, as well as treated with a truly sublime unreserve. EveieU^ 

Bl'c::ft, Judge Story, Winthrop, and the rest of the ^^'^^ ^J ^-^ -; 

Athens, " hung their hearts on thek sleeves " while conversmg with Grattan, 



42 

and forgetting " all time, all seasons, and their change," could have little 
anticipated the malignant treachery and folly with which their advances would 
be rewarded." 

"This is," continues Mr. Eipley, the accomplished critic of the 
Tribune — 

" The burden of the two scandalous volumes which Mr. Grattan has in- 
flicted on the public, intent on emitting "the venom of his spleen," even at 
the expense of his own reputation, if any he had, for decency, courtesy, or 
common sense. His flipj)ant and exaggerated criticisms, his enormous self- 
conceit, his vulgar and ridiculous pomposity, his utter inability to look at 
anything save in the light of his own prejudices, and his reckless comments 
on private character, have had no parallel among British travellers in this 
country, since the palmy days of Mrs. Trollope, the Rev. Isaac Fidler, and 
other worthies of the lachrymose-abusive school. Compared with Grattan, 
Dickens is a paragon of modesty, and the very flower of gentlemanly cour- 
tesy. Not that we complain of his severity of remark on American manners 
and institutions. We trust our countrymen are recovering from their thin- 
skinned sensitiveness to the cavils of foreign tourists and visitors. They can 
hear it asserted, without falling into spasms, that no woman in the United 
States has good manners, and no man a good education. But no one can 
fail to detest the social treachery, which takes advantage of familiar acquaint- 
ance to open the houses of your family to the ridicule of the j^ublic, and 
feed the ai^petite for gossip, by descanting on the domestic economy of 
eminent men, impudently describing the cut of their coat and the color of 
their shoes." 

" ' The American,' he says, according to our ethnologist, is of an inferior 
order to the European. He is only a bad imitation of an Englishman. The 
gentlemen of this country are mere counterfeits of the gentlemen of England. 
In society, in business, in literature, science, and art, tliey can bear no com- 
parison with the stock from which they sprang. Though of the same blood, 
they are of a different breed. The Anglo-Saxon race deteriorates with trans- 
plantation ; its lofty attributes cannot be maintained beyond the British Isles ; 
and under Republican forms it dwindles down to a fatal mediocrity." 

The New York Tribune has only foreshadowed the opinions of the 
American press. The public mind had been prepared for some clever, 
philosophical work, worthy of the antecedents of the distinguished au- 
thor ; but the compact collection of insulting things that stain what 
otherwise might have added to Mr. Grattan's name in the world of 
letters, has carried the Americans beyond that point where patience 
ceases to be a virtue. 

After advising our people to be careful whom they entertain in future, 
the Tribune closes a three-columned review with these words : — 



43 

"In mistaking Grattan for a gentleman, they committed a blunder which is 
not without parallels in all our cities. The record of their mistake is contained 
in this book, and it may profitably be taken into consideration before yielding 
a too implicit trust to letters of introduction, plausible manners, or sonorous 
audacity. The flippant and calumnious personalities in which the author so 
profusely indulges attest his own inveterate love of vulgar gossij), l)ut can pro- 
duce no injurious effect on the persons (in many cases men of eminent mark 
and distinction) against whom they are directed. They can only serve as a 
warning, which by this time should be superfluous, that the guest who drinks 
the wine of his host with an obsequious smile, may be only gathering materials 
for an impudent lampoon." 

England has a holy horror of being Americanized ; so has America of 
being Anglicized ; but there is less danger of the one than the other. 
The British constitution, like the national debt, is peculiarly British. 
England can take our cotton, our corn, our tobacco, our sugar, our pro- 
visions, but not our nineteenth century politics. England most willing- 
ly accepts our reaping machines, our locks, our Colt's revolvers, our 
Enfield rifles, — and our mechanics to manufacture them, — but it is 
too much to ask of her to treat us like "Civilized Americans." Eng- 
land is glad to adopt our wonderful improvements in agricultural uten- 
sils ; England honored us by buying the yacht "America," after she 
won the cup ; England complimented us in the beautiful proportions of 
the " Niagara" and the " Merrimac," and their twelve large, instead of 
seventy- four small, gun system ; but it is too much to ask of her to admit 
the perfection of our common school system, our free voluntary church 
system, our vote by ballot, our codification of laws, our register of titles, 
and our freedom of suffrage. And why is this ? Because they are un. 
English, and will Americanize her institutions. Hence everything polit- 
ically American must be ignored, but, commercially, everything that 
shows face of a commission shall be admitted. 

What England does is right ; what she does not do is wrong. Like 
China, she looks out of her beautiful island home at the Outside Bar- 
barians that dwell in " Civilized America." 

Americans are called boasters ; were they to tell the whole truth, they 
would be called lunatics. England in Europe is feared, not loved. In 
America it is just the other way. Like the old woman when her horse 
plunged down the hill, she puts her trust in Providence till the breech- 
ing breaks, — then, as in the case of the Crimean war and the Indian 
mutiny, she thinks it is time to take care of herself 

When anything abusing you gets into the papers, how quickly your 



44 

friends observe it ! On the contrary, when a paragi-aph to your credit 
is inserted, your friends did not see the the paper that day. This is 
the way G-rattan saw America ; in short, this is human nature every- 
where. 

Cosmus, Duke of Florence, said : " It is commanded that we shoukl 
forgive our enemies ; but nowhere are we recommended to forgive our 
friends." 

Eichard Whateley says : " The American Episcopal Church is kept 
apart from our own, not by difference of doctrine, but simply by being 
Americwi.''^ 

Miss Elizabeth Smith said : "A woman has need of extraordinary 
gentleness and modesty to be forgiven for possessing superior ability 
and learning." America's astonishing progress in commerce creates in 
England a similar sentiment. 

" Nothing cau reconcile envy to virtue but death." 

For many years, America has welcomed the exile and patriot to her 
shores. She has clothed him, sheltered him, and given him food. Her 
gates were always open, and always will be. Europe sneered, England 
ridiculed ; but the door was never shut. Europe misjudged our motives. 
They were pure and honorable, but England could never see it in that 
light. Now she has the opportunity. Thousands overflowing with good- 
ness of heart will be disappointed, but fate has so arranged it. The 
" David Stuart," instead of arriving amid the firing of guns and ringing 
of bells, will go into New York without a passing salute. Why ? Be- 
cause she landed her glorious freight of patriotic humanity in Ireland. 
God bless the Irish. They gave the Italian martyrs a noble welcome. 
God bless the English! They, too, are full of sympathy for the noblest 
band of heroes the world has met for many a day. Lord Shaftesbury, 
this time, is more profitably employed than in misjudging the Americans. 
The Times was foremost ; the nation responds — all England is awake. 
Pounds are accumulating — houses are preparing — Lords are waiting 
— Commons are ready — people are anxious to give the victims of .the 
coward perjurer of Naples a reception as worthy of England as the 
exiles are worthy of her sympathy. 

When England ridicules — laughs — censures " Civilized America '' 
again for the earnestness of her welcome to European refugees, let her 
remember the noble reception she is giving to Baron Poerio and Signer 
Settembrini, and their brave companions in exile. 



45 

" The ascent to high office is steep — the suniinit slippery — the descent 
precipitous." Bomba will soon see the truth of the latter truism. — A 
little fire burns a large house. One of the grandest pages in England's 
history was the refusal to give up Bernard. The Government would 
have surrendered him up ! But the people were aroused — and, when 
the people of England speak, the echo is heard on the borders of the 
world. 

One of the greatest of American institutions is the public meeting — 
where all can 'speak. It is the great safety-valve of freedom. England 
is getting a taste of it about these times on the Reform Bill. I observed 
the military were called out in East Worcestershire ; — that the gowns- 
men broke up the reform meeting at Cambridge ! — that Ernest Joifes 
got handled rather roughly at Birmingham ! Did Mr. Grattan observe 
anything of this kind in " Civilized America?" Just after reading a 
powerful leader in the Times of Thursday, on the political emoluments 
of democratic institutions, as shown in the navy contracts — by the 
President's initials on Patterson's letter — my eye caught in another 
these words, as reported from one of the honorable speakers at the Free- 
Trade Hall, Manchester : — " There was a black book published some 
time ago, from which it appeared that, out of 360 members of the House 
of Lords, upwards of 308 were receivers of grants — or pensions or 
privileges — or church preferments, — or something, which amotinted to 
betiveen two and three millions sterling per annum." 

How many members of Parliament received one thousand pounds 
apiece to oblige George the Third and William Pitt — for voting on the 
India Bill ? Not a single case was proved against the American Con- 
gress by the recent committee to examine into bribery. The Parlia- 
mentary agents of England are nabobs compared to the lobby members of 
America ! 

I am surprised that Mr. Grattan did not introduce that question of 
the tooth brush. It was more important than the chapter on Texas. 
There never was a public tooth brush ! But admit for argument that 
they are hung up in hotels for the benefit of the guests ; are there not 
whole towns in England that never saw a tooth brush ! " Cleanliness 
is next to godliness." 

" Your friend will bear anything but the truth ; tell him that, and 
he becomes your enemy." 

Feeling that Mr. Grattan had wronged a people whose only fault was 



46 

giving him a generous welcome to their shores, I have answered some of 
his assertions. They were broadcast, sweeping against our women, our 
statesmen, our securities, our institutions. I have tried to answer some 
of his back-handed thrusts ; I have done it at the risk of losing his 
friendship, which I highly prized. " It is less dangerous to hurt most 
men than to do them much good," wrote Eochefoucault. 

" The love of a country has its rise in the purity of affection." The 
Americans have none, said Mr. Grattan. 

" The perpetuation of brutes is offspring, but that of men is glory, 
their deserts, and their institutions," 

Mr. Grattan catered to the prejudice of the English against the 
A'mericans, but his sauce was overseasoned. Perhaps the pent-up feel- 
ing escaped as well through that outlet as any other. Pleydell, in 
" Guy Mannering," says : — "If you have not a regular chimney for the 
smoke, it wil! find its way through the whole house." 

The publication of " Civilized America" no doubt raised him from a 
bilious fever. Everybody sees the ink spot on the white tablecloth, but 
who examines the fabric ? The mole on the fair girl's face is the first 
to strike the eye ; a blue vein on the Venus de Medicis, or a yellow 
mark on the Apollo Belvedere, would have destroyed their value, yet as 
works of art they would have been equally majestic and beautiful. 
Everybody sees the cloud on the horizon, but who thinks of the clear 
blue sky above him ? Mr. Grattan saw only the dark spots on the sun. 
He sailed his canoe in the frog pond on Boston Common, instead of 
taking the "New World up the Hudson." His Pegasus was a dwarf 
pony. Instead of climbing the mountain, he amused himself at the 
ant-hill His " unsecured bonds" were at a discount, hence — " dmi't 
buy American securities 1 " 

"Who have paid their twenty shillings in the pound in the panic but 
the Americans ? Ask the iron merchants whose credit stands the high- 
est to-day in England, America or France ? 

Why have the Denistouns been enabled to forestal their payments 
and meet so promptly all their engagements ? Because their American 
creditors paid them. 

Mr. Peabody lost but one per cent, of his American debts ! Barings 
and Rothschilds made the same statement. 

Who are these people that have lost such sums by America? Can 
you furnish me with a list '? 

Do American securities pay? Eead Satherthwaithe's weekly circular 



47 

in the Daily News. He surprised a capitalist the other day, who was 
moaning over his American bonds, by giving him a check for every 
coupon — saying, that all the roads he represented paid with regularity 
their interest. A leading banker of Lombard-street lately retired with 
£20.000 a-year from active business, which, report says, he has recently 
doubled by his operations in American securities. 

Some twenty years ago four American States disgraced the country 
by repudiating their engagements, upon the same ground that Belfast 
refused to pay interest on her bonds. These States will never be re- 
spected till they have paid in full. The question arises, are twenty- 
nine solvent States to be circumcised on account of the sins of their 
associates ? 

In concluding my comments on " Civilized America," I beg to say 
I do not pretend to justify any of the many faults which the Amei-icans 
may possess, by comparison with England. I have placed a few cus- 
toms, opinions, and views, face to face, to show their bearing. 

Had I possessed your happy faculty of writing, my " Talk on 
'Change," my "Points" would have been sharper, although you say 
that I shall '^fail in co7ivincing John Bidl that threefoiirths of the 
slaves are not treated cruelly, and that threefoiirths of the Yankees are 
not rogues ! " 

Life, Principles, Facts, correspond to Love, AVisdom, and Knowl- 
edge. Knowledge is a Sceptic, Wisdom a Believer, Love a "Wor- 
shipper. The one is Atheistical, the other Deistical, the last Idol- 
atrous. 

Mr. Grattan has shown neither love, wisdom, or knowledge, in 
" Civilized America." 

Emerson says that grass and flowers grow out of carrion in the sun, 
but Grattan will covet even that privilege. 

Thackeray behaved like a gentleman — Charles Mackay made friends 
on every side, except the South — Murray was popular — so was 
William Chambers — Mary Howitt saw a kindred people — Ferguson 
did not misrepresent our country — Cobden will talk good sense when 
he gets back. And when I saw how Grattan repaid our kindness to 
him, I took up the "American Notes" again, and am surprised to 
find them ovei-flowing with such good-nature. Dickens has been abu- 
sed. Sydney Smith's philippic came so close upon Boz's footsteps 
that we mixed the sentiment. Dickens is not so bad a man, after all ; 
I retract all I have written or said against him. Bead " American 



48 

Notes" again; then read "Civilized America." Dickens wrote for 
fun — Grrattan for spite. Perhaps he will add in his next edition a 
chapter on Sickles? The Times is most temperate on that terrible 
tragedy. Two commandments were broken — one was no worse than 
the other. " He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to 
fortune." 

Sickles has done himself wrong, but the world a favor. "Eevenge 
is wild justice," writes Bacon. Lynch-law is an ancient institution. 
AVhen Schechem defiled Dinah, daughter of Leah, under the promise of 
marriage, her brothers got Schechem and his tribe circumcised, — and 
Simeon and Levi, the sons of Jacob, taking advantage of their unfor- 
tunate condition, went in upon them and put all to the sword. See 34th 
chapter of Genesis. 

" Civilized America " asks no praise of England ; all she desires is 
not to be censured for faults common to human nature. Eemember 
about throwing stones at glass houses. 

If Mr. Grattan feels really sorry for having abused us, I forgive 
him ; but, in doing so, I must add that it is a mean thing to listen at 
the keyhole — it is meaner to open a private letter — but it is the very 
meanest thing of all to accept hospitality and slander him who gave 
it. If I have been personal, I regret and retract it. If I have of- 
fended the author of " Civilized America," I am man enough to accept 
his apology. 




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